Freezing of water accumulated on the bottom in a vertical closed tube partially embedded in the ground is considered by means of numerical calculations. The wind temperature below the freezing temperature changes periodically with a cycle of one day. Natural convection in the tube causes freezing of the water to delay due to the heat gain from the soil. This study gives useful information to prevent freezing of water in tubes embedded in the ground such as fire hydrants or water pipes.

freezing, embedded tube, 3D natural convection, wind cooling.

Received: March 5, 2021;  Accepted: April 8, 2021; Published: June 15, 2021

How to cite this article: M. Sugawara and M. Tago, Freezing of water in a vertical closedv tube partially embedded in the ground - a continuing report: long time calculation, JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 23(1) (2021), 19-28. DOI: 10.17654/HM023010019

This Open Access Article is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

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