In this study, we showed that the propagating electromagnetic wave (EMW) in the human body tissue is affected by the medium parameters such as the permittivity, conductivity, and permeability. We used an inversed F-antenna (IFA) and Notch antenna to investigate the effects of radio-frequency (RF) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) radiation on the human’s head and hands. The antennas were integrated in a 5G mockup handset, and the phantom consists in an anatomical realistic model from the virtual family. We investigated the power density when the handset is moved away from the head; it turns out that the induced power density by the notch array decreases slower than that induced by the IFA antenna when the distance increases. Moreover, we found that the human body perturbs the antennas characteristics in terms of gain and reflection coefficient. Specifically, the presence of the human hand in the handset decreases the antenna gain while the reflection coefficient is reduced at the same time.

The power absorption and the 10 grams peak spatial-average Specific Average Rate  have also been analyzed. It is observed that the power is mostly absorbed by the skin at the mmWave frequencies whereas it goes further in the tissues at the radio frequencies. In addition, we showed that the human tissues absorb more power from the radiation of the IFA antenna as compared to the Notch antennas. Unlike the IFA antenna, the exposure induced by the Notch antennas is less impacted on the distance separating the handset and the phantom.

electromagnetic fields, exposure, radiation, millimeter-wave, 5G, antenna, specific absorption rate, simulation, human model.