This paper introduces the basic compositions and infrastructures of wireless sensor networks (WSN) implemented in a variety of civilian and military applications, which require constant monitoring, detection and control of specific events inside of modern network systems. Today, smart grid, smart homes, smart water networks, intelligent transportation are infrastructure systems that connect entire world more than people ever thought possible. The WSN is a network formed by a large number of sensor nodes where each node is equipped with a sensor to detect different physical phenomena such as light, heat, pressure and many other detection systems. From then on, however, different wireless systems, such as wireless area networks (WAN), wireless communication networks and equipment, design of wireless networking topologies and gateways with sensor nodes, with their technical concepts and advantages are discussed.

wireless, WiMAX, WiFi, bluetooth, ZigBee.