[1]    J. Y. Wu and M. Z. Lee, Beneficial reuse of construction surplus clay in CLSM, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 4(5) (2011), 293-300.

[2]    ACI-229R, Controlled-low strength materials (reproved 2005), Farmington Hills (MI), 2005.

[3]    W. T. Kuo, H. Y. Wang, C. Y. Shu and D. S. Su, Engineering properties of controlled low-strength materials containing waste oyster shells, Construction and Building Materials 46 (2013), 128-133.

[4]    M. Lachemi, K. M. A. Hossain, M. Shehata and W. Thaha, Controlled low strength materials incorporating cement kiln dust from various sources, Cement and Concrete Composites 30(5) (2008), 381-392.

[5]    R. A. Taha, A. S. Alnuaimi, K. S. Al-Jabri and A. S. Al-Harthy, Evaluation of controlled low strength materials containing industrial by-products, Building and Environment 42(9) (2007), 3366-3372.

[6]    K. J. Folliard, L. Du, C. Halmen, D. Trejo, D. Leshchinsky and S. Sabol, NCHRP Report 597: Development of a Recommended Practice for Use of Controlled Low-strength Material in Highway Construction, The National Academies Press, 2008.

[7]    M. C. Nataraja and Y. Nalanda, Performance of industrial by-products in controlled low-strength materials (CLSM), Waste Management 28(7) (2008), 1168-1181.

[8]    H. Y. Wang, B. T. Chen and Y. W. Wu, A study of the fresh properties of controlled low-strength rubber lightweight aggregate concrete (CLSRLC), Construction and Building Materials 41 (2013), 526-531.

[9]    A. J. Finney, E. F. Shorey and J. Anderson, Use of native soil in place of aggregate in controlled low strength material (CLSM), International Pipelines Conference 2008, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 2008, pp. 1-13.

[10]    J. Y. Wu, Soil-based flowable fill for pipeline construction, ASCE, editor, Proceedings of Pipelines 2005: Optimizing Pipeline Design, Operations, and Maintenance in Today’s Economy, Houston, Texas, USA, 2005, pp. 925-938.

[11]    J. W. Chen and C. F. Chang, Development and application of the ready-mixed soil material, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 18(6) (2006), 722-729.

[12]    C. Vipulanandan, Y. Weng and C. Zhang, Designing flowable grout mixes using foundry sand, clay and fly ash, Advances in Grouting and Ground Modification: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000, pp. 215-233.

[13]    ASTM:D6913, Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis, 2009.

[14]    Y. N. Sheen, L. H. Zhang and D. H. Le, Engineering properties of soil-based controlled low-strength materials as slag partially substitutes to Portland cement, Construction and Building Materials 48 (2013), 822-829.

[15]    C. S. Poon, L. Lam and Y. L. Wong, A study on high strength concrete prepared with large volumes of low calcium fly ash, Cement and Concrete Research 30(3) (2000), 447-455.

[16]    R. Siddique, Effect of fine aggregate replacement with Class F fly ash on the mechanical properties of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 33(4) (2003), 539-547.

[17]    H. Y. Wang, W. T. Kuo, C. C. Lin and P. Y. Chen, Study of the material properties of fly ash added to oyster cement mortar, Construction and Building Materials 41 (2013), 532-537.

[18]    C. Berryman, J. Zhu, W. Jensen and M. Tadros, High-percentage replacement of cement with fly ash for reinforced concrete pipe, Cement and Concrete Research 35(6) (2005), 1088-1091.

[19]    M. Ahmaruzzaman, A review on the utilization of fly ash, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 36(3) (2010), 327-363.

[20]    M. A. Gabr and J. J. Bowders, Controlled low-strength material using fly ash and AMD sludge, Journal of Hazardous Materials 76(2-3) (2000), 251-263.

[21]    G. Ghataora, I. Alobaidi and J. Billam, Use of pulverized fuel ash in trench backfill, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 12(3) (2000), 228-237.

[22]    S. Türkel, Strength properties of fly ash based controlled low strength materials, Journal of Hazardous Materials 147(3) (2007), 1015-1019.

[23]    N. Makaratat, C. Jaturapitakkul, C. Namarak and V. Sata, Effects of binder and CaCl₂ contents on the strength of calcium carbide residue-fly ash concrete, Cement and Concrete Composites 33(3) (2011), 436-443.

[24]    P. K. Mehta and P. Monteiro, Concrete, Microstructure, Properties and Materials, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Professional, New York, 2006.

[25]    N. B. Singh, V. D. Singh, S. Rai and S. Chaturvedi, Effect of lignosulfonate, calcium chloride and their mixture on the hydration of RHA-blended Portland cement, Cement and Concrete Research 32(3) (2002), 387-392.

[26]    ASTM:D4318, Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, 2010.

[27]    ASTM:D698, Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)), 2007.

[28]    ASTM:D854, Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, 2010.

[29]    ASTM:D2487, Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System), 2006.

[30]    ASTM:C128, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate, 2007.

[31]    ASTM:C136, Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates, 2006.

[32]    ASTM:C33, Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, 2003.

[33]    ASTM:C618, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, 2008.

[34]    ASTM:C494, Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, 1999.

[35]    ASTM:D6023, Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, Cement Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Controlled Low-strength Material (CLSM), 2007.

[36]    ASTM:D6103, Standard Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), 1997.

[37]    ASTM:C403, Standard Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance, 1999.

[38]    ASTM:D4832, Standard Test Method for Preparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Test Cylinders, 2002.

[39]    ASTM:C597, Test for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete, 2009.

[40]    ASTM:D1196, Standard Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static Plate Load Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and Highway Pavements, 1997.

[41]    J. Wu and Y. Lin, Experimental Study of Reservoir Siltation as CLSM for Backfill Applications, Geo-Frontiers 2011: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011, pp. 1217-1226.

[42]    M. Lachemi, M. Åžahmaran, K. M. A. Hossain, A. Lotfy and M. Shehata, Properties of controlled low-strength materials incorporating cement kiln dust and slag, Cement and Concrete Composites 32(8) (2010), 623-629.

[43]    J. Y. Wu and M. Tsai, Feasibility study of a soil-based rubberized CLSM, Waste Management 29(2) (2009), 636-642.

[44]    B. Chen and J. Liu, Experimental application of mineral admixture in lightweight concrete with high strength and workability, Construction and Building Materials 22 (2008), 655-659.

[45]    H. M. Hsu, A. Cheng, S. J. Chao, R. Huang, T. C. Cheng and K. L. Lin, Controlled low-strength materials containing bottom ash from circulating fluidized bed combustion, International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology  2(6) (2009), 250-256.

[46]    S. Naganathan, H. A. Razak and S. N. A. Hamid, Properties of controlled low-strength material made using industrial waste incineration bottom ash and quarry dust, Materials and Design 33 (2012), 56-63.

[47]    L. Lam, Y. L. Wong and C. S. Poon, Effect of fly ash and silica fume on compressive and fracture behaviors of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 28(2) (1998), 271-283.

[48]    J. T. Petro, Jr. and J. Kim, Detection of delamination in concrete using ultrasonic pulse velocity test, Construction and Building Materials 26(1) (2012), 574-582.

[49]    M. Shariq, J. Prasad and A. Masood, Studies in ultrasonic pulse velocity of concrete containing GGBFS, Construction and Building Materials 40 (2013), 944-950.

[50]    G. Trtnik, F. Kavčič and G. Turk, Prediction of concrete strength using ultrasonic pulse velocity and artificial neural networks, Ultrasonics 49(1) (2009), 53-60.

[51]    D. S. Kim and S. Park, Relationship between the subgrade reaction modulus and the strain modulus obtained using a plate loading test, The 9th World Congress on Railway Research, France, 2011.