JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
Volume 37, Issue 2, Pages 159 - 170
(April 2024) http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/0973576324011 |
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THREE DIMENSIONAL NATURAL CONVECTION IN A HORIZONTAL WATER LAYER WITH THE MAXIMUM DENSITY
M. Sugawara and M. Tago
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Abstract: This paper is concerned with the three dimensional heat transfer in a horizontal water layer that is calculated numerically by the PHOENICS code. The cavity of the water has the length and the height The upper warm plate generates heat per unit volume In the steady state heat transfer, mean temperature at the warm plate is and the temperature of the lower cold plate is fixed at considering the melting of ice. The morphologies of the Benard’s cells viewing from above are not uniform but are a group of quadric, pentagonal and hexagonal, which are seen in well known experimental observations. The Nusselt number Nu of the 3D calculation is larger than about 20% compared with the 2D calculation. However, the result of Nu in the 3D calculation is similar to the 3D experimental result of normal liquids without the maximum density.
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Keywords and phrases: natural convection, Benard’s cells, horizontal cavity, maximum density, numerical calculation
Received: December 14, 2024; Accepted: January 20, 2024; Published: March 14, 2024
How to cite this article: M. Sugawara and M. Tago, Three dimensional natural convection in a horizontal water layer with the maximum density, JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 37(2) (2024), 159-170. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/0973576324011
This Open Access Article is Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
References:
[1] M. Sugawara and M. Tago, Natural convection in a horizontal water layer with maximum density at JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 24(1) (2021), 1 18. [2] Y. Katto, Heat Transfer, Yokendo, Japan, 1974, 173 pp. (in Japanese). [3] M. Sugawara and M. Tago, An application of Neumann’s solution for freezing of water in an adiabatic rectangular cavity, JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 18(1) (2019), 73-108. |
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