The loading of cryoprotectant into cells needs to consider the following factors: deformation limit, toxicity and duration. Temperature has an impact on the membrane permeability of cells and the diffusion coefficient of cryoprotectant in tissues, thus on the loading duration and toxic injury. The temperature dependence of the loading duration is numerically investigated here. The loading duration  is defined as the time needed when the intracellular cryoprotectant concentration reaches 95% of the extracellular cryoprotectant concentration. For cells in suspension, typical ranges for parameters in the physical model are adopted through literature survey. It is found that the loading duration can be well fitted as an exponential function of temperature,  with  The constant b is correlated more with  than with  b can be fitted as  with  For cells in tissue, chondrocyte in articular cartilage is chosen as an example. Comprehensive effects of temperature on the toxic injury are discussed.

cryoprotectant, numerical simulation, temperature, toxicity, duration.